MODULE THREE Note: Topical Questions are at the end of the Module---scroll down.
SECTION nine
PREVIEW
The schizophrenias are among the most sever forms of mental illness. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek schize which means split and phrenia (mind), however, this disorder is not to be confused with multiple or split personalities; the schizophrenic has only one personality! Persons with multiple personalities are characterized as MPD (Multiple Personality Disorder). A schizophrenic manifest severs distortions (split from) reality, characterized by delusions and hallucinations. About one percent of Americans will experience a schizophrenic episode in their lifetimes and such a figure is found in virtually all societies and is equally dispersed among men and women.
OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES
After completing this Section, the student will be able to:
1. Identify the general symptoms that constitute the schizophrenias. 2. Characterize "paranoid" schizophrenia. 3. Define the characteristics of "undifferentiated" schizophrenia. 4. Define "catatonic" schizophrenia 5. Describe the characteristics of "disorganized" schizophrenia 6. Assess the evidence for a genetic basis for schizophrenia. 7. Evaluate the evidence that neuroanatomical factors may account for the disorder. 8. Evaluate the idea of Laing’s that schizophrenia may be a social role. 9. Differentiate "paranoia" from "paranoid schizophrenia." 10. Assess treatment alternatives for the schizophrenias.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
VIDEO PROGRAM: # 9, The Schizophrenias
TEXT: Read Chapter 13, The Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders
INTERNET SITES:
http://www.paranoiamagazine.com/ Paranoia: The Conspiracy & Paranormal Reader has enlightened readers with alternative views and marginalized theories of the inner workings behind sociopolitical events.
1. Define neuropsychological disorder. 2. Describe three symptoms that result from brain injury. 3. Compare and contrast accountabilities per Alzheimer’s 4. Differentiate among five biological conditions that may lead to mental retardation. 5. Identify two preventive efforts regarding mental retardation. 6. Identify several ways childhood disorders are different than those disorders of adults. 7. Assess, compare, contrast and differentiate the characterizations of ADHD. 8. Define conduct disorder. 9. Identify six special factors that are taken into account in treating children. 10. Assess the evidence regarding the transmission of psychopathology from parents to children.
VIDEO PROGRAMS: #10, Organic Mental Disorders and # 11, Behavior Disorders of Childhood. TEXT: Read Chapter #14: Cognitive Disorders and Chapter #15: Disorders of Childhood
SECTION eleven
Psychotherapy is a specialized change process as between a client and psychotherapist. The key word is change and there are primary two strategies: a biological approach or psychological approach. Included in the psychological approach are both cognitive and behavioral strategies for change. In the biological perspective such therapies would include: psychoactive drugs, psychosurgery (rare) electroconvulsive (shock is a non-term now) therapy (ECT). These therapies raise some interesting questions: Can one "talk" one’s way out of mental illness? Is ECT a form of patient abuse? Are the psychoactive drugs only symptom treatment? Is talking to a computer and effective therapy? Have you ever imagined a world with no hypothetical situations? Some of these questions will be answered in this Section.
1. Identify highlights of the history of biologically-based therapies. 2. Compare and contrast the effects of ECT. 3. Identify at least two antipsychotic drugs. 4. Identify at least two antidepressant drugs. 5. Identify at least two anti-anxiety drugs. 6. Compare and contrast cognitive with behavior therapies. 7. Define aversion, modeling, psychoanalysis, desensitization and implosive as therapies. 8. Compare the outcomes of cognitive-behavior therapy with other psychotherapies. 9. Associate the names Freud, Rogers, Perls with their respective therapies. 10. Identify two types of family therapy and evaluate the applications
VIDEO PROGRAM: #12 Psychotherapies
TEXT: Read Chapter # 16 Therapy
SECTION twelve
1. Define primary prevention and identify an example of a biological, psychosocial and sociocultural measure that needs to be taken to have a chance at success. 2. Define secondary prevention and identify three interventions that may be used. 3. Define tertiary prevention. 4. Identify two types of crisis intervention programs. 5. Identify four conditions that must be met before involuntary commitment to a mental hospital. 6. Assess what is meant by the "insanity defense." 7. Define what is meant by "deinstitutionalization" 8. Identify eight value assumptions society must come to grips with as it makes decisions about the future of mental health. 9. Identify criticisms of state mental hospitals as noted in the text. 10. See the film or read the book; "One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest," by Ken Kelsey.
VIDEO PROGRAM: # 13 An Ounce of Prevention
TEXT: Read Chapter # 17 Contemporary Issues.
INTERNET SITES: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0073486/ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest," by Ken Kelsey.
13. Should society hold "mentally ill" criminals fully accountable or is the "insanity defense" just?
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1. The results of twin studies of hereditary factors in the development of schizophrenia show
1. equal concordance rates for identical and fraternal twins. 2. higher concordance rates for fraternal twins. 3. higher concordance rates for identical twins. 4. higher incidence of schizophrenia among twins than among others.
2. Most people with a neurophyschological disorder
1. develop psychopathological symptoms 2. develop psychopathological symptoms during the first three months after injury 3. had psychopathological symptoms before the onset of the neuropsychological disorder 4. do not develop psychopathological symptoms
3. Depression among brain-injured individuals often is the result of
1. the injury itself 2. the realization of one’s limited condition 3. diminished self-esteem 4. all of the above
4. Generally, IQ tests measure an individual’s predicted level of success in dealing with
1. conventional schoolwork 2. economic problems 3. personal frustration 4. social interaction
5. All of the following are true of ADHD EXCEPT
1. between three and five percent of elementary school-aged children manifest hyperactive symptoms 2. hyperactivity occurs six to nine times more often in boys than in girls 3. it is the most frequent referral to mental health facilities 4. it occurs with greatest frequency after age 8
6. The family setting of the conduct-disordered child is typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
1. consistent discipline 2. general frustration 3. harsh discipline 4. rejection
7. Autistic children show deficits in all of the following areas EXCEPT
1. language development 2. perceptual functioning 3. relationships to things 4. relationships to other people
8. In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the shock immediately causes the patient to show all of the following symptoms EXCEPT
1. a lengthy series of contractile seizures 2. excruciating pain 3. loss of consciousness 4. marked extensor seizure of the muscles
9. Antipsychotic, antidepressant, antianxiety, and lithium compounds are all referred to as
_______drugs.
1. hallucinogenic 2. mind-expanding 3. narcotic 4. psychoactive
10. All of the following are key dimensions that can be used to describe various approaches to psychotherapy EXCEPT
1. cognitive change/behavior change 2. directive/nondirective 3. individual/group 4. successful/unsuccessful
ANSWERS: (1) 3, (2) 4, (3) 4, (5) 4, (6) 1, (7) 3, (8) 2, (9) 4, (10) 4