MODULE TWO
SECTION FOUR:
Preview
What TYPE of person are you? Did the terrorists of
9/11 share in common certain personality traits? Can the FBI/CIA type
potential criminals? Are personalities similar for people from
Outcomes/Objectives
After completing this Section, the
student should be able to:
1. Apply the definition of a “trait.”
2. Identify, at least three trait theorists
3. Define and apply the definition of “factor analysis.”
4. Recognize all five factors of the Big Five Personality Factors of personality.
5. Contrast the relationship between gender and achievement.
6. Compare and contrast the Type B and Type A personalities.
7. Compare and contrast optimism with pessimisms
Learning Activities
TEXTBOOK: Read Chapters 7 “The Trait Approach…” and 8 “The Trait Approach: Relevant Research”
P-T WORKBOOK: Review Case Studies 25-26
EXPERIENCE #4: Self Assessment
http://cac.psu.edu/~j5j/test/ipipneo120.htm
The "NEO Personality Inventory":
http://users.wmin.ac.uk/~buchant/wwwffi/
Big Five Personality Test (Free)
INTERNET SITES:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/mytheory/freud/
A game, readers try to guess the identities of three
major personality theorists. PBS
http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/allport.html
Summary of Allport's work
SECTION FIVE:
Preview
Are babies born a “blank slate?”
Can a person inherit a “quick temper?” What is “behavior
genomics?” Were Venus and Serena Williams born
athletes? Is it Nature vs. Nurture or is it Nature and Nurture?
What is the Bell Curve as related to intelligence? These questions are
part of the focus of the BIOLOGICAL approach to personality
Outcomes/Objectives
After
completing this Section, the student should be able to:
1. Compare behaviorism with biological influences on personality.
2. Identify the most prominent biological personality theorist.
3. Evaluate “Evolutionary Personality Psychology.”
4. Apply the term “temperament” to differentiate children.
5. Define “Cerebral Asymmetry.”
6. Evaluate the role of genetics on personality development.
7. Compare and contrast the terms “extroversion” and “introversion.”
Learning Activities
TEXTBOOK: Read Chapters 9 “The Biological Approach…” and 10 “The Biological Approach: Relevant Research”
P-THEORIES WORKBOOK: Review Case Studies 27-28
INTERNET SITES:
http://www.personalityresearch.org/bg.html
Research in behavior genetics has shown that almost all personality traits have
both biological and environmental bases. One such trait is Intelligence.
http://freespace.virgin.net/darrin.evans/
This official home page of the late Hans Eysenck---
maintained by his son.
SECTION SIX:
Preview
How many Psychologists does it take to change a light bulb?* Is today the first day of the rest of your
life? Is there such a thing as Free Will? How do the names
Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre relate to the names Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers?
These questions are part of the focus of HUMANISTIC and EXISTENTIAL approaches
to personality.
*Answer: Just one, but the light bulb has to want to change
Outcomes/Objectives
After
completing this Section, the student should be able to:
1. Assess the influence of Rogers and Maslow on Humanistic Personality Theory.
2. Define the essence of Rogers’ perspective on Humanistic Personality Theory.
3. Identify and distinguish among Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
4. Define “Self-Actualization.”
5. Identify the “Q-Sort Technique.”
6. Differentiate the strengths and weaknesses of the humanistic perspective.
7. Assess “Self-Disclosure” as a technique.
Learning Activities
TEXTBOOK: Read Chapter 11 “The Humanistic Approach…” and Chapter 12 “The Humanistic
Approach: Relevant Research”
P-THEORIES WORKBOOK: Review Case Studies 15-18
INTERNET
SITES:
http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/buddhapsych.html
The relevance of Buddhism to western psychotherapy,
especially existential therapy
http://ahpweb.org/aboutahp/whatis.html
Humanistic Psychology
Assignment: CASE STUDY
Select any one of the Case Studies (numbers 13 -18) from the
Personality Theories Workbook and answer the “Applications Questions.”
Submit your answers in the form of a 1-page paper before the end-date for
Module Two.
SELF TEST for Module TWO
Below are 10 test items that can be used for a preview and review of the material in this section.
1. "If asked why Susan hugged Mark, we say it is because
Susan is affectionate; however, if asked how we know Susan is affectionate, we
say it is because she hugged Mark." This example is used to
criticize which approach to personality?
1. Trait
2. Humanistic
3. Psychoanalytic
4. Behavioral/Social Learning
2. A researcher compared the speeches of
1. Allport
2. Cattell
3. Jung
4.
3. Susan often becomes upset over daily stresses. More than most
people, she experiences such emotions as sadness, anger and anxiety. This
description of Susan is best accounted for by which of the Big Five factors?
1. Agreeableness
2. Extroversion
3. Openness
4. Neuroticism
4. Compared to 50 or so years ago, personality psychologists today generally
are more likely to acknowledge that:
1. the personalities of the new borns
resemble a "blank slate."
2. personality cannot be separated
from our biology.
3. all people have similar
biological functioning, such as nearly identical brain-wave activity.
4. differences in adult personality
are the results of different learning histories.
5. Which of the following is an example of a "supertrait"
in Eysenck's theory?
1. sociability
2. impulsiveness
3. optimism
4. psychoticism
6. The twin studies method is used by researchers to get around which
methodological problem?
1. Biased samples
2. A confound between genetic and environmental influences.
3. Questions about generalizability
4. Validity of measures
7. According to evolutionary personality
theory, men and women base their choice of romantic partners in on concerns for
"parental investment." This means we:
1. prefer partners from families in which both parents were
actively involved with their children.
2. consider what the parents of our
potential partners are like, because personality is partly inherited from one's
parents.
3. select mates who are likely to
contribute to successful reproduction and child rising.
4. want the parents of our spouses
to be involved in the rearing of our children.
8. The Humanistic approach to personality is most similar to:
1. Behaviorism
2. Existentialism
3. Socialism
4. Communism
9. "A hungry man is not a free man." Who best reflects this
approach to personality?
1. Freud
2.
3. Maslow
4. Bush
10. Based on research finding reported on in your textbook, which of
the following is most likely the first topic of conversation between two people
who have just met?
1. Movies
2. Politics
3. Sex
4. Embarrassing moments
Answers: (1) 1, (2) 4, (3) 4, (4) 2, (5) 4, (6) 2, (7) 3, (8) 2, (9) 3, (10) 1
Note: If you missed two or more of the above questions, further review is
suggested.